diff --git a/src/datastructures/btree.rs b/src/datastructures/btree.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b13789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/datastructures/btree.rs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+
diff --git a/src/datastructures/mod.rs b/src/datastructures/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ecb60de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/datastructures/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+pub mod btree;
+pub mod queue;
diff --git a/src/datastructures/queue.rs b/src/datastructures/queue.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdd2da1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/datastructures/queue.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+
+use zerocopy::{AsBytes, FromBytes, FromZeroes, Unaligned};
+
+use crate::ReaderTrait;
+use crate::{transaction, FilePointer, TransactionHandle, U64};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, FromBytes, FromZeroes, AsBytes, Unaligned)]
+#[repr(packed)]
+pub struct Queue<T: FromBytes + FromZeroes + AsBytes + Unaligned + Clone + Copy> {
+    pub(crate) head: FilePointer<QueueElement<T>>,
+    pub(crate) length: U64,
+    _phantom: PhantomData<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T: FromBytes + FromZeroes + AsBytes + Unaligned + Clone + Copy> Queue<T> {
+    pub fn new<R>(transaction: &mut TransactionHandle<R>) -> FilePointer<Queue<T>> {
+        let (queue, data) = transaction.allocate();
+        *data = Self {
+            head: FilePointer::null(),
+            length: 0.into(),
+            _phantom: PhantomData,
+        };
+        queue
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: FromBytes + FromZeroes + AsBytes + Unaligned + Clone + Copy> FilePointer<Queue<T>> {
+    pub fn enqueue<R>(self, transaction: &mut TransactionHandle<R>, item: T) -> Self {
+        self.enqueue_many(transaction, &[item])
+    }
+
+    pub fn dequeue<R>(self, transaction: &mut TransactionHandle<R>) -> Option<(Self, T)> {
+        let mut res = None;
+        self.dequeue_many_inner(transaction, 1, |t| assert!(res.replace(t).is_none()))
+            .map(|ptr| (ptr, res.unwrap()))
+    }
+
+    pub fn enqueue_many<R>(self, transaction: &mut TransactionHandle<R>, items: &[T]) -> Self {
+        if items.is_empty() {
+            return self;
+        }
+
+        let old = *transaction.read(self);
+
+        let mut head = old.head;
+
+        for item in items {
+            let (element, data) = transaction.allocate();
+            *data = QueueElement {
+                next: head,
+                data: *item,
+                _phantom: PhantomData,
+            };
+
+            head = element;
+        }
+
+        let (queue, data) = transaction.modify(self);
+        *data = Queue {
+            head,
+            length: (old
+                .length
+                .get()
+                .checked_add(items.len().try_into().unwrap())
+                .unwrap())
+            .into(),
+            _phantom: PhantomData,
+        };
+        queue
+    }
+
+    pub fn dequeue_many<R>(
+        self,
+        transaction: &mut TransactionHandle<R>,
+        n: u64,
+    ) -> Option<(Self, Vec<T>)> {
+        let mut res = Vec::with_capacity(n.try_into().unwrap());
+        self.dequeue_many_inner(transaction, n, |t| res.push(t))
+            .map(|ptr| {
+                res.reverse();
+                (ptr, res)
+            })
+    }
+
+    // NOTE: calls f with the elements in reverse order.
+    fn dequeue_many_inner<R>(
+        self,
+        transaction: &mut TransactionHandle<R>,
+        n: u64,
+        mut f: impl FnMut(T),
+    ) -> Option<Self> {
+        if n == 0 {
+            return Some(self);
+        }
+
+        let old = *transaction.read(self);
+
+        if old.length.get() < n {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let (queue, data) = transaction.modify(self);
+
+        *data = Queue {
+            head: old.head,
+            length: (old.length.get().checked_sub(n).unwrap()).into(),
+            _phantom: PhantomData,
+        };
+
+        // println!("length: {}", old.length.get());
+
+        let mut ptr = data.head;
+
+        let skip_n = old.length.get().checked_sub(n).unwrap();
+
+        // println!("skip_n: {skip_n}");
+
+        // skip the head
+        for i in 0..skip_n {
+            // println!("skip [{i}] {ptr:?}");
+
+            ptr = *transaction.read(field_ptr!(ptr, QueueElement<T>, next));
+        }
+
+        // remove the tail
+        for i in 0..n {
+            // println!("free [{i}] {ptr:?}");
+
+            let element = *transaction.read(ptr);
+            transaction.free(ptr);
+
+            f(element.data);
+            ptr = element.next;
+        }
+
+        Some(queue)
+    }
+
+    pub fn length(self, reader: &impl ReaderTrait) -> u64 {
+        reader.read(field_ptr!(self, Queue<T>, length)).get()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, FromBytes, FromZeroes, AsBytes, Unaligned)]
+#[repr(packed)]
+pub(crate) struct QueueElement<T: FromBytes + FromZeroes + AsBytes + Unaligned> {
+    pub(crate) next: FilePointer<QueueElement<T>>,
+    pub(crate) data: T,
+    _phantom: PhantomData<T>,
+}
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index 9390df6..c963a7c 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ macro_rules! field_ptr {
     ($base_ptr: expr, $type: ty, $field: ident) => {{
         let base: FilePointer<$type> = $base_ptr;
 
-        let res = FilePointer::new(base.into_raw() + offset_of!($type, $field) as u64);
+        let res = FilePointer::new(base.into_raw() + ::memoffset::offset_of!($type, $field) as u64);
 
         if false {
             let ptr: Box<$type> = <$type as ::zerocopy::FromZeroes>::new_box_zeroed();
@@ -28,17 +28,19 @@ macro_rules! field_ptr {
 
 mod allocator;
 mod atomic_arc;
+pub mod datastructures;
 mod mapped;
 mod transaction;
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests;
 
+pub use transaction::TransactionHandle;
+
 use allocator::{AllocatorState, GeneralPurposeAllocator, SlabListPointer, SlabPointer};
 use atomic_arc::AtomicArc;
+use mapped::ReaderTrait;
 use memmap::{Mmap, MmapMut};
-use memoffset::offset_of;
-use transaction::TransactionHandle;
 use zerocopy::{AsBytes, FromBytes, FromZeroes, Ref, Unaligned, LE};
 
 const PAGE_SIZE: u64 = 4096;
@@ -290,6 +292,12 @@ struct Snapshot<R> {
     map: Mmap,
 }
 
+impl<R> ReaderTrait for Snapshot<R> {
+    fn read_raw(&self, range: FileRange) -> &[u8] {
+        &self.map[range.as_range()]
+    }
+}
+
 impl<R> Snapshot<R> {
     fn read<T: FromBytes>(&self, at: FilePointer<T>) -> &T {
         self.read_range(at.range())
@@ -379,20 +387,24 @@ impl<R> Db<R> {
             .unwrap_or_else(|| self.add_slab(size))
     }
 
-    fn transaction(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut TransactionHandle<R>) -> FilePointer<R>) {
+    pub fn transaction(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut TransactionHandle<R>) -> FilePointer<R>) {
         let mut handle = TransactionHandle::new(self);
 
         let root = f(&mut handle);
 
+        // dbg!(&handle);
+
         let to_free = handle.to_free();
 
+        // dbg!(&to_free);
+
         let snapshot = self.update_root(root);
 
         self.snapshots
             .push_back(SnapshotAndFreeList { snapshot, to_free });
     }
 
-    fn free_old_epochs(&mut self) {
+    pub fn free_old_epochs(&mut self) {
         let mut snapshots = std::mem::take(&mut self.snapshots);
 
         while snapshots
diff --git a/src/mapped.rs b/src/mapped.rs
index 9c9db6b..5f35469 100644
--- a/src/mapped.rs
+++ b/src/mapped.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,21 @@
-use std::mem::size_of;
+use std::mem::{align_of, size_of};
 
 use zerocopy::{FromBytes, FromZeroes, Ref};
 
 use crate::{FilePointer, FileRange, RawFilePointer};
 
 pub trait ReaderTrait {
-    fn read_raw(&self, ptr: FileRange) -> &[u8];
+    fn read_raw(&self, range: FileRange) -> &[u8];
     fn read<T: FromBytes>(&self, ptr: FilePointer<T>) -> &T {
-        Ref::<_, T>::new(self.read_raw(ptr.range()))
-            .unwrap()
+        let bytes = self.read_raw(ptr.range());
+        Ref::<_, T>::new(bytes)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                panic!(
+                    "failed to interpret {:?} = {bytes:?} as {}",
+                    ptr.range(),
+                    std::any::type_name::<T>()
+                )
+            })
             .into_ref()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/tests.rs b/src/tests.rs
index ed04ab8..2dd56d1 100644
--- a/src/tests.rs
+++ b/src/tests.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 use crate::allocator::{div_round_up, FreeListBlock, RelativeFreeListHeader, SlabKind};
+use crate::datastructures::queue::{self, Queue, QueueElement};
 
 use super::*;
 use mapped::ReaderTrait;
+use rand::Rng;
 use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 use std::io::Write;
 use std::ops::Shl;
@@ -238,7 +240,7 @@ fn allocator() {
 fn no_fragmentation() {
     use Operation::*;
     #[rustfmt::skip]
-        let mut sequence = vec![Allocate { size: 1946 }, Allocate { size: 3252 }, Free { index: 0 }, Allocate { size: 7391 }, Allocate { size: 394 }, Allocate { size: 3726 }, Allocate { size: 1429 }, Allocate { size: 3188 }, Allocate { size: 6375 }, Allocate { size: 4453 }, Allocate { size: 2514 }, Allocate { size: 4754 }, Allocate { size: 6785 }, Allocate { size: 2751 }, Allocate { size: 4107 }, Allocate { size: 3509 }, Allocate { size: 5897 }, Allocate { size: 7081 }, Allocate { size: 2419 }, Allocate { size: 5400 }, Allocate { size: 7135 }, Free { index: 14 }, Allocate { size: 2130 }, Free { index: 18 }, Allocate { size: 3450 }, Allocate { size: 1296 }, Allocate { size: 8091 }, Allocate { size: 4646 }, Allocate { size: 3891 }, Free { index: 0 }, Allocate { size: 1087 }, Allocate { size: 101 }, Allocate { size: 5353 }, Allocate { size: 3381 }, Allocate { size: 6869 }, Free { index: 1 }, Allocate { size: 3750 }, Allocate { size: 1398 }, Free { index: 22 }, Allocate { size: 18 }, Free { index: 25 }, Allocate { size: 642 }, Free { index: 4 }, Allocate { size: 4 }, Allocate { size: 1898 }, Allocate { size: 5259 }, Free { index: 26 }, Allocate { size: 3151 }, Allocate { size: 4989 }, Allocate { size: 6493 }, Allocate { size: 551 }, Allocate { size: 706 }, Allocate { size: 4161 }, Free { index: 16 }, Allocate { size: 3422 }, Allocate { size: 3011 }, Allocate { size: 5149 }, Allocate { size: 4687 }, Allocate { size: 5 }, Free { index: 34 }, Allocate { size: 191 }, Allocate { size: 2851 }, Allocate { size: 3597 }, Free { index: 28 }, Allocate { size: 7037 }, Allocate { size: 4660 }, Allocate { size: 194 }, Allocate { size: 5537 }, Allocate { size: 3242 }, Allocate { size: 6298 }, Allocate { size: 1239 }, Allocate { size: 7025 }, Allocate { size: 3563 }, Allocate { size: 5039 }, Free { index: 40 }, Allocate { size: 4549 }, Allocate { size: 5362 }, Allocate { size: 3510 }, Free { index: 31 }, Allocate { size: 226 }, Allocate { size: 6904 }, Allocate { size: 4150 }, Allocate { size: 4914 }, Allocate { size: 2330 }, Allocate { size: 2499 }, Allocate { size: 6677 }, Allocate { size: 95 }, Allocate { size: 3726 }, Allocate { size: 3258 }, Free { index: 2 }, Allocate { size: 2129 }, Allocate { size: 3674 }, Allocate { size: 1542 }, Allocate { size: 2210 }, Free { index: 21 }, Allocate { size: 3914 }, Allocate { size: 3108 }, Allocate { size: 1979 }, Allocate { size: 2677 }, Allocate { size: 8140 }, Allocate { size: 7573 }, Allocate { size: 121 }, Free { index: 59 }, Allocate { size: 6467 }, Allocate { size: 262 }, Allocate { size: 7711 }, Allocate { size: 2450 }, Allocate { size: 4351 }, Allocate { size: 4282 }, Free { index: 39 }, Allocate { size: 4050 }, Allocate { size: 67 }, Allocate { size: 5560 }, Free { index: 51 }, Allocate { size: 6038 }, Allocate { size: 555 }, Allocate { size: 1852 }, Free { index: 78 }, Allocate { size: 698 }];
+    let mut sequence = vec![Allocate { size: 1946 }, Allocate { size: 3252 }, Free { index: 0 }, Allocate { size: 7391 }, Allocate { size: 394 }, Allocate { size: 3726 }, Allocate { size: 1429 }, Allocate { size: 3188 }, Allocate { size: 6375 }, Allocate { size: 4453 }, Allocate { size: 2514 }, Allocate { size: 4754 }, Allocate { size: 6785 }, Allocate { size: 2751 }, Allocate { size: 4107 }, Allocate { size: 3509 }, Allocate { size: 5897 }, Allocate { size: 7081 }, Allocate { size: 2419 }, Allocate { size: 5400 }, Allocate { size: 7135 }, Free { index: 14 }, Allocate { size: 2130 }, Free { index: 18 }, Allocate { size: 3450 }, Allocate { size: 1296 }, Allocate { size: 8091 }, Allocate { size: 4646 }, Allocate { size: 3891 }, Free { index: 0 }, Allocate { size: 1087 }, Allocate { size: 101 }, Allocate { size: 5353 }, Allocate { size: 3381 }, Allocate { size: 6869 }, Free { index: 1 }, Allocate { size: 3750 }, Allocate { size: 1398 }, Free { index: 22 }, Allocate { size: 18 }, Free { index: 25 }, Allocate { size: 642 }, Free { index: 4 }, Allocate { size: 4 }, Allocate { size: 1898 }, Allocate { size: 5259 }, Free { index: 26 }, Allocate { size: 3151 }, Allocate { size: 4989 }, Allocate { size: 6493 }, Allocate { size: 551 }, Allocate { size: 706 }, Allocate { size: 4161 }, Free { index: 16 }, Allocate { size: 3422 }, Allocate { size: 3011 }, Allocate { size: 5149 }, Allocate { size: 4687 }, Allocate { size: 5 }, Free { index: 34 }, Allocate { size: 191 }, Allocate { size: 2851 }, Allocate { size: 3597 }, Free { index: 28 }, Allocate { size: 7037 }, Allocate { size: 4660 }, Allocate { size: 194 }, Allocate { size: 5537 }, Allocate { size: 3242 }, Allocate { size: 6298 }, Allocate { size: 1239 }, Allocate { size: 7025 }, Allocate { size: 3563 }, Allocate { size: 5039 }, Free { index: 40 }, Allocate { size: 4549 }, Allocate { size: 5362 }, Allocate { size: 3510 }, Free { index: 31 }, Allocate { size: 226 }, Allocate { size: 6904 }, Allocate { size: 4150 }, Allocate { size: 4914 }, Allocate { size: 2330 }, Allocate { size: 2499 }, Allocate { size: 6677 }, Allocate { size: 95 }, Allocate { size: 3726 }, Allocate { size: 3258 }, Free { index: 2 }, Allocate { size: 2129 }, Allocate { size: 3674 }, Allocate { size: 1542 }, Allocate { size: 2210 }, Free { index: 21 }, Allocate { size: 3914 }, Allocate { size: 3108 }, Allocate { size: 1979 }, Allocate { size: 2677 }, Allocate { size: 8140 }, Allocate { size: 7573 }, Allocate { size: 121 }, Free { index: 59 }, Allocate { size: 6467 }, Allocate { size: 262 }, Allocate { size: 7711 }, Allocate { size: 2450 }, Allocate { size: 4351 }, Allocate { size: 4282 }, Free { index: 39 }, Allocate { size: 4050 }, Allocate { size: 67 }, Allocate { size: 5560 }, Free { index: 51 }, Allocate { size: 6038 }, Allocate { size: 555 }, Allocate { size: 1852 }, Free { index: 78 }, Allocate { size: 698 }];
     assert!(!causes_fragmentation(&sequence, true));
 }
 
@@ -322,14 +324,14 @@ fn transactions_work() {
             db.free_old_epochs()
         }
 
-        validate_db(&db, |snaphot, coverage| {
-            coverage.set_allocated(snaphot.root.range());
-            let data = snaphot.read(snaphot.root);
+        validate_db(&db, |snapshot, coverage| {
+            coverage.set_allocated(snapshot.root.range());
+            let data = snapshot.read(snapshot.root);
 
             let mut next = data.list;
             while !next.is_null() {
                 coverage.set_allocated(next.range());
-                next = snaphot.read(next).next;
+                next = snapshot.read(next).next;
             }
         });
     }
@@ -656,6 +658,8 @@ impl<'c, R> CoverageMap<'c, R> {
             current_page.push(char::from_u32(0x2800 + byte as u32).unwrap());
         }
 
+        res.push_str(&current_page);
+
         Self::set_color(&mut res, "");
 
         res
@@ -848,3 +852,106 @@ fn hexdump(bytes: &[u8]) {
 
     child.wait().unwrap();
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn queue() {
+    fn validate(db: &Db<Queue<U64>>) {
+        validate_db(db, |snapshot, coverage| {
+            let queue = snapshot.root;
+            coverage.set_allocated(queue.range());
+
+            let n = queue.length(snapshot);
+
+            dbg!(n);
+
+            let mut next = *snapshot.read(field_ptr!(queue, Queue<U64>, head));
+
+            for i in 0..n {
+                coverage.set_allocated(next.range());
+
+                next = *snapshot.read(field_ptr!(next, QueueElement<U64>, next))
+            }
+        })
+    };
+
+    let mut db = Db::<Queue<U64>>::create(
+        tempfile::tempfile().unwrap(),
+        &[size_of::<QueueElement<U64>>() as u32],
+    );
+
+    db.transaction(|transaction| Queue::new(transaction));
+    db.transaction(|transaction| transaction.root().enqueue(transaction, 1.into()));
+    db.transaction(|transaction| transaction.root().enqueue(transaction, 2.into()));
+    db.transaction(|transaction| {
+        let (queue, res) = transaction.root().dequeue(transaction).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(res.get(), 1);
+        queue
+    });
+    db.transaction(|transaction| {
+        let (queue, res) = transaction.root().dequeue(transaction).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(res.get(), 2);
+        queue
+    });
+
+    db.transaction(|transaction| {
+        assert!(transaction.root().dequeue(transaction).is_none());
+        transaction.root()
+    });
+
+    db.free_old_epochs();
+
+    validate(&db);
+
+    let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
+
+    let mut j = 0;
+    let mut i = 0;
+    for _ in 0..200 {
+        db.transaction(|transaction| {
+            let mut root = transaction.root();
+
+            let n = rng.gen_range(1..20);
+            for _ in 0..n {
+                if rng.gen_bool(0.5) || root.length(transaction) == 0 {
+                    let how_many = rng.gen_range(1..20);
+                    let elements = (i..i + how_many).map(U64::from).collect::<Vec<U64>>();
+                    root = root.enqueue_many(transaction, &elements);
+                    i += how_many;
+                } else {
+                    let res;
+                    (root, res) = root.dequeue(transaction).unwrap();
+                    assert_eq!(res.get(), j);
+                    j += 1;
+                }
+            }
+
+            root
+        });
+
+        if rng.gen_bool(0.5) {
+            db.free_old_epochs();
+        }
+    }
+
+    db.transaction(|transaction| {
+        let mut root = transaction.root();
+
+        let n = root.length(transaction);
+
+        if n != 0 {
+            let mut res;
+            (root, res) = root.dequeue_many(transaction, n).unwrap();
+
+            for x in res {
+                assert_eq!(x.get(), j);
+                j += 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        root
+    });
+
+    db.free_old_epochs();
+
+    validate(&db);
+}
diff --git a/src/transaction.rs b/src/transaction.rs
index e7bf2ad..4db78d2 100644
--- a/src/transaction.rs
+++ b/src/transaction.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-use std::{cell::RefCell, collections::HashMap, mem::size_of};
+use std::{cell::RefCell, collections::HashMap, fmt::Debug, mem::size_of};
 
 use zerocopy::{AsBytes, FromBytes};
 
 use crate::{mapped::ReaderTrait, Db, FilePointer, FileRange, RawFilePointer};
 
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
 struct Replaced {
     from: FileRange,
     to: Option<FileRange>,
@@ -16,6 +16,15 @@ pub struct TransactionHandle<'t, R> {
     new: HashMap<RawFilePointer, FileRange>,
 }
 
+impl<'t, R> Debug for TransactionHandle<'t, R> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("TransactionHandle")
+            .field("replaced", &self.replaced)
+            .field("new", &self.new)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
 impl<'t, R> ReaderTrait for TransactionHandle<'t, R> {
     fn read_raw(&self, ptr: FileRange) -> &[u8] {
         self.reference_raw(ptr)
@@ -30,7 +39,7 @@ impl<'t, R> TransactionHandle<'t, R> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn to_free(&self) -> Vec<FileRange> {
+    pub(crate) fn to_free(&self) -> Vec<FileRange> {
         self.replaced
             .values()
             .map(|replaced| replaced.from)
@@ -52,10 +61,14 @@ impl<'t, R> TransactionHandle<'t, R> {
             // TODO: replacing this with unwrap_or(range)
             // will access the original region, which can't have actually been
             // allocated, but was logically freed.
-            replaced.to.expect("use after free")
+            replaced.to.unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                dbg!(&self);
+                panic!("use after free at: {range:?}")
+            })
         } else if let Some(&new) = self.new.get(&range.start) {
-            assert_eq!(new, range);
-            new
+            debug_assert_eq!(new.start, range.start);
+            assert!(new.end() >= range.end());
+            new.start.range(range.len())
         } else {
             range
         }
@@ -80,7 +93,7 @@ impl<'t, R> TransactionHandle<'t, R> {
             self.db.copy_nonoverlapping(range, new);
 
             let res = self.replaced.insert(
-                new.start,
+                range.start,
                 Replaced {
                     from: range,
                     to: Some(new),
@@ -100,8 +113,8 @@ impl<'t, R> TransactionHandle<'t, R> {
         &self.db.map[range.as_range()]
     }
 
-    pub unsafe fn modify_raw(&mut self, range: FileRange) -> (FileRange, &mut [u8]) {
-        let range = self.write_ptr_raw(range);
+    pub fn modify_raw(&mut self, range: FileRange) -> (FileRange, &mut [u8]) {
+        let range = unsafe { self.write_ptr_raw(range) };
         (range, &mut self.db.map[range.as_range()])
     }